Authoritarian rule is characterized by a central leader who exercises almost complete control over government, media and communications, business and the economy, and political life. This may be achieved through a variety of methods, including highly regimented elections that protect the appearance of participation, or through direct involvement in societal affairs. Frequently, it is accomplished through the suppression of anti-regime activities through censorship and intimidation, or by a denial of basic civil liberties such as freedom of speech and assembly.
Populist authoritarian regimes often emerge where institutional representation is ossified and citizens feel disconnected from the political process. In such contexts, authoritarian populists offer a savior figure that promises to solve problems they perceive as too complex for established democratic institutions to handle.
In such a regime, the dictator has little to no tolerance for dissent. The judiciary takes orders directly from the ruler, and the legislature is a rubber stamp. In extreme cases, the dictator may also control the military, a practice known as coup-proofing, to prevent them from opposing his or her authority.
Psychological studies have attempted to understand the factors that make people amenable to authoritarian rule. Although these theories have been criticized for their methodological weaknesses, some suggest that certain personality traits are linked to a propensity for supporting authoritarian systems. Often, these include a tendency toward conformity and obedience, a lack of cognitive flexibility and an aggressive attitude towards out-groups or those deemed to be deviant from socially acceptable values.